◆工程硕士论文写作指导

文献的宝库
图书馆
计算机检索文献数据库
Internet
Every researcher needs to become familiar with the use of the libraries available to them and to make good use of the information available on the Internet
陌生领域的文献搜集
If you are unfamiliar with your assigned topic, don't begin your search looking for research articles in bibliographic database
Research_ articles often have a very narrow focus and may not provide enough background information for you to be comfortable with the topic
In addition, there may be hundreds of articles that fall under your topic, making it difficult to decide how to focus your search
信息生命周期
一次/二次文献
三次文献
零次/一次文献
从二次文献和三次文献开始
从二次文献和三次文献开始查起
Investing 20 or 30 minutes reviewing background information on your topic may dramatically reduce the time you spend searching databases
They often include bibliographies of classic or important articles on the topic
最后,再查阅一次文献
Effective searching is usually a matter of finding the right combination of search terms
关于零次文献
零次文献示例
***使用技巧集锦 http://www.***.com
作者:老怪(laoguai) 点击:2333次
这些文献属于未经权威部门认可的"零次文献",其科学性完全要靠读者自行判断
有的学位论文参考文献不少是http://www………,使人很难判断你所引用的文献水平有多高
除非特别必要,一般不宜以这样的文献作为参考文献
没有一次文献支持的学位论文,其科学性是非常值得怀疑的
Using Search Engines
Good when have specific questions, e.g.
What research are IBM doing in ubiquitous computing
What papers has Professor Blah Blah from the University of Dilly Dally published recently
BUT..
No search engine covers the whole of the Web
GOOGLE is the best
Search engines will not retrieve articles held within on-line databases
文献鉴别
Reliable: What are the author's credentials Is the publication accredited
Valid: Is the information up to date or is it outdated
Accurate: Is the information presented objectively Check for supporting evidence of claims e.g. references. Be wary of misquotes or misrepresentations
Authoritative: Check for information on the author & the publication – is it academic or popular
Timely: Check publication dates. Is the information current
Biased: Does the work consider all viewpoints and use material from many and varied sources, or is it narrow, unbalanced and biased
文献阅读
1st pass:
Skim read for relevance
2nd pass:
Read for information (content). Annotate and highlight as you read. Write a summary for each work
3rd –nth pass:
Read critically and with increasing attention to detail. Read with specific questions in mind. Record what you are learning in memos. Analyze your memos (e.g. search for common themes/trends/issues)
成为一名主动的读者和听众
title->abstract->introduction->conclusions
在掌握所有细节之前,浏览整个文章,尽量找到那些关键点.如果还觉得它是有关和值得的,就回去继续看
跳过你已经知道的部分(比如背景和动机)
总结所读的每个主题(在读完几篇相关文献后)
关键问题
所描述问题的不同表达形式
不同方法之间的关系
替代的方法
用笔记录自己读过和听过的东西
自己的思考(speculations),感兴趣的难题,可能的解决方法,要查看的参考书目,笔记,文章的概要,有趣的印证